TENSE



Tense can be divided in three parts- 

  1. Present Tense ( है , हूँ , हो )
  2. Past Tense( था , थी , थे )
  3. Future Tense( गा , गी , गे )



Every tense can be further divided into four parts -
  1. Indefinite - In this type the sentence end on verb. ( इसमें वाक्य क्रिया पर समाप्त होते है। )
  2. Continuous- In this type the work is continue.(इस प्रकार के वाक्यों में कार्य जारी रहता है। )
  3. Prefect- In this type of sentence the work is completed.(इसमें कार्य पूर्ण हो चुका होता है। )
  4. Perfect Continuous- In this type of sentence some work is continue and some work is completed, and we use time to represent this type of sentence( इस प्रकार के वाक्यों में समय का प्रयोग किया जाता है और उसके जो वाक्य होता है वह कुछ पूर्ण होता है और कुछ कार्य जारी रहता है। )

Present Tense 

Present Indefinite Tense 

  • Affirmative Sentence
Rule - S + V1(s/es) + O + Extra

Note - we use s/es and helping verb Does with "He, She, It, Name and Singular" and using helping verb Do with " I, We, You, They, and Plural" 

Example - 
  1. He reads book.
  2. I go to market.
  3. I live in India.
  4. She writes a letter.

  • Negative Sentence

Rule - S + Do/Does + not + V1 + O + Extra

Example -
  1. They do not sing a song.
  2. She does not write a letter.
  3. We do not play football.
  4. Reta does not swim.
  • Interrogative Sentence

Rule -  Do/Does + S + V1 + O + Extra?

Example - 
  1. Does he write a letter?
  2. Do you come to my home?
  3. Does she dance in the school?
  4. Does she slap you?

  • Negative Interrogative Sentence

Rule -  Do/Does + S + not +  V1 + O + Extra?

Example-
  1. Does she not sing a song?
  2. Do you not eat food ?
  3. Does he not pass the exam?

Present Continuous Tense

  • Affirmative Sentence

Rule -  S + is/am/are + V4 + O.

Note - Here is/am/are are the helping verb and V4 means 'V1+ing' .

Example -
  1. I am going to school.
  2. She is reading a book.
  3. Rahul is playing cricket.
  4. He is swimming in the pool.

  • Negative Sentence

Rule -  S + is/am/are + not + V4 + O.

Example -
  1. Ravi is not going to temple.
  2. You are not selling fast food.
  3. We are not writing the exam.
  4. Mohan is not eating his lunch.
  • Interrogative Sentence

Rule -   Is/Am/Are + S + V4 + O?

Example -
  1. Are you going to Delhi?
  2. Is she singing a song?
  3. Are they singing in the class?
  4. Is Rohan playing basketball?
**Note - We make these sentence with the help of Question Words like( what, why, etc.). In this case Question word work as a Subject of the sentence.
Rule - Question Word + is/am/are + S + V4 + O ?

Example - 
  1. Why are you coming late?
  2. Who is singing in the class?
  3. What are you doing here?
  • Negative Interrogative Sentence

Rule -   Is/Am/Are + S + not + V4 + O?

Example -
  1. Is he not reading a newspaper?
  2. Am I not eating a food?
  3. Are you not going to market?
  4. Is she not feeling well?

Present Perfect Tense

  • Affirmative Sentence

Rule -   S + has/have + V3 + O.

Example -
  1. I have taken the meal.
  2. Radha has written a book.
  3. You have purchased a cricket bat.
  4. He has finished his work.
  • Negative Sentence

Rule -   S + has/have  +  not  + V3  + O.

Example-
  1. I have not seen the Taj mahal.
  2. Mohan has not played cricket.
  3. Ajeet has not written a book.
  4. We have not broken this toy.
  • Interrogative Sentence

Rule -   has/have  + S  + V3  + O?

Example- 
  1. Have you taken the meal?
  2. Has she improved her handwriting?
  3. Has Ravi invited Sahil to his birthday party?
  4. Have we gone to temple?
  • Negative Interrogative Sentence

Rule -   has/have  + S + not + V3  + O?

Example-
  1. Has he not accepted his purposal?
  2. Have you not caught the rat in Sohan's house?
  3. Has Sanjeev not married ?
  4. Have you not planned goa trip?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Note - We use time in this type of sentence. In this type of sentence the work is still in continue and for some period of time. We use period of time like "Since/for" in the sentence.

We use "for" with indefinite time like- for yesterday, for one hour, for 2 year etc.,
We use "since" with definite time like - Since Monday, since 9 April, since two o' clock, etc., 

  • Affirmative Sentence

Rule -   S + Has/Have + been + V4 + for/since + time .

Example -
  1. He has been teaching in the school for three years.
  2. You have been playing cricket since morning.
  3. Radha has been singing a song for one hours.
  4. They have been searching a mystery box since 2 o' clock.
  • Negative Sentence

Rule -   S + Has/Have + not + been + V4 + for/since + time .

Example-
  1. He has not been playing cricket for three year.
  2. You have not been appearing in the civil service exam since 2020.
  3. She has not been answering to your call for 3 days.
  4. Children's have not been cleaning the ground since morning.
  • Interrogative Sentence

Rule -    Has/Have + S + been + V4 + for/since + time ?

Example -
  1. Has she been cooking for two hours? 
  2. Has Radha been dancing since 5 o' clock?
  3. Have you been reading a novel for one day?
  4. Has Ravi been suffering from fever since morning?
  • Negative Interrogative Sentence

Rule -    Has/Have + S + not + been + V4 + for/since + time ?

Example - 
  1. Has Sameer not been relaxing for three days?
  2. Have they not been teaching you since Monday?
  3. Have you not going to school for three months?
  4. Has she not clearing the exam since 2019? 




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